src/post.c

// 32bit code to Power On Self Test (POST) a machine.
//
// Copyright (C) 2008  Kevin O'Connor <kevin@koconnor.net>
// Copyright (C) 2002  MandrakeSoft S.A.
//
// This file may be distributed under the terms of the GNU GPLv3 license.

#include "ioport.h" // PORT_*
#include "../out/rom16.offset.auto.h" // OFFSET_*
#include "config.h" // CONFIG_*
#include "cmos.h" // CMOS_*
#include "util.h" // memset
#include "biosvar.h" // struct bios_data_area_s

#define bda ((struct bios_data_area_s *)0)
#define ebda ((struct extended_bios_data_area_s *)(EBDA_SEG<<4))
#define ipl ((struct ipl_s *)(IPL_SEG<<4))

static u8
checksum(u8 *p, u32 len)
{
    u32 i;
    u8 sum = 0;
    for (i=0; i<len; i++)
        sum += p[i];
    return sum;
}

static void
init_bda()
{
    memset(bda, 0, sizeof(*bda));

    int i;
    for (i=0; i<256; i++) {
        bda->ivecs[i].seg = SEG_BIOS;
        bda->ivecs[i].offset = OFFSET_dummy_iret_handler;
    }

    bda->mem_size_kb = BASE_MEM_IN_K;

    // mov CMOS Equipment Byte to BDA Equipment Word
    bda->equipment_list_flags = inb_cmos(CMOS_EQUIPMENT_INFO);
}

static void
init_handlers()
{
    // set vector 0x79 to zero
    // this is used by 'gardian angel' protection system
    bda->ivecs[0x79].seg = 0;
    bda->ivecs[0x79].offset = 0;

    bda->ivecs[0x40].offset = OFFSET_entry_40;
    bda->ivecs[0x0e].offset = OFFSET_entry_0e;
    bda->ivecs[0x13].offset = OFFSET_entry_13;
    bda->ivecs[0x76].offset = OFFSET_entry_76;
    bda->ivecs[0x17].offset = OFFSET_entry_17;
    bda->ivecs[0x18].offset = OFFSET_entry_18;
    bda->ivecs[0x19].offset = OFFSET_entry_19;
    bda->ivecs[0x1c].offset = OFFSET_entry_1c;
    bda->ivecs[0x12].offset = OFFSET_entry_12;
    bda->ivecs[0x11].offset = OFFSET_entry_11;
    bda->ivecs[0x15].offset = OFFSET_entry_15;
    bda->ivecs[0x08].offset = OFFSET_entry_08;
    bda->ivecs[0x09].offset = OFFSET_entry_09;
    bda->ivecs[0x16].offset = OFFSET_entry_16;
    bda->ivecs[0x14].offset = OFFSET_entry_14;
    bda->ivecs[0x1a].offset = OFFSET_entry_1a;
    bda->ivecs[0x70].offset = OFFSET_entry_70;
    bda->ivecs[0x74].offset = OFFSET_entry_74;
    bda->ivecs[0x75].offset = OFFSET_entry_75;
    bda->ivecs[0x10].offset = OFFSET_entry_10;
}

static void
init_ebda()
{
    memset(ebda, 0, sizeof(*ebda));
    ebda->size = EBDA_SIZE;
    bda->ebda_seg = EBDA_SEG;
    bda->ivecs[0x41].seg = EBDA_SEG;
    bda->ivecs[0x41].offset = offsetof(struct extended_bios_data_area_s, fdpt0);
    bda->ivecs[0x46].seg = EBDA_SEG;
    bda->ivecs[0x41].offset = offsetof(struct extended_bios_data_area_s, fdpt1);
}

static void
pit_setup()
{
    // timer0: binary count, 16bit count, mode 2
    outb(0x34, PORT_PIT_MODE);
    // maximum count of 0000H = 18.2Hz
    outb(0x0, PORT_PIT_COUNTER0);
    outb(0x0, PORT_PIT_COUNTER0);
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// keyboard_panic
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void
keyboard_panic(u16 status)
{
  // If you're getting a 993 keyboard panic here,
  // please see the comment in keyboard_init

  BX_PANIC("Keyboard error:%u\n",status);
}

static void
kbd_flush(u8 code)
{
    u16 max = 0xffff;
    while ((inb(PORT_PS2_STATUS) & 0x02) && (--max > 0))
        outb(code, PORT_DIAG);
    if (!max && code != 0xff)
        keyboard_panic(code);
}

static void
kbd_waitdata(u8 code)
{
    u16 max = 0xffff;
    while ( ((inb(PORT_PS2_STATUS) & 0x01) == 0) && (--max>0) )
        outb(code, PORT_DIAG);
    if (!max)
        keyboard_panic(code);
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// keyboard_init
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// this file is based on LinuxBIOS implementation of keyboard.c
static void
keyboard_init()
{
    /* ------------------- Flush buffers ------------------------*/
    /* Wait until buffer is empty */
    kbd_flush(0xff);

    /* flush incoming keys */
    u16 max=0x2000;
    while (--max > 0) {
        outb(0x00, PORT_DIAG);
        if (inb(PORT_PS2_STATUS) & 0x01) {
            inb(PORT_PS2_DATA);
            max = 0x2000;
            }
        }

    // Due to timer issues, and if the IPS setting is > 15000000,
    // the incoming keys might not be flushed here. That will
    // cause a panic a few lines below.  See sourceforge bug report :
    // [ 642031 ] FATAL: Keyboard RESET error:993

    /* ------------------- controller side ----------------------*/
    /* send cmd = 0xAA, self test 8042 */
    outb(0xaa, PORT_PS2_STATUS);

    kbd_flush(0x00);
    kbd_waitdata(0x01);

    /* read self-test result, 0x55 should be returned from 0x60 */
    if (inb(PORT_PS2_DATA) != 0x55)
        keyboard_panic(991);

    /* send cmd = 0xAB, keyboard interface test */
    outb(0xab, PORT_PS2_STATUS);

    kbd_flush(0x10);
    kbd_waitdata(0x11);

    /* read keyboard interface test result, */
    /* 0x00 should be returned form 0x60 */
    if (inb(PORT_PS2_DATA) != 0x00)
        keyboard_panic(992);

    /* Enable Keyboard clock */
    outb(0xae, PORT_PS2_STATUS);
    outb(0xa8, PORT_PS2_STATUS);

    /* ------------------- keyboard side ------------------------*/
    /* reset kerboard and self test  (keyboard side) */
    outb(0xff, PORT_PS2_DATA);

    kbd_flush(0x20);
    kbd_waitdata(0x21);

    /* keyboard should return ACK */
    if (inb(PORT_PS2_DATA) != 0xfa)
        keyboard_panic(993);

    kbd_waitdata(0x31);

    if (inb(PORT_PS2_DATA) != 0xaa)
        keyboard_panic(994);

    /* Disable keyboard */
    outb(0xf5, PORT_PS2_DATA);

    kbd_flush(0x40);
    kbd_waitdata(0x41);

    /* keyboard should return ACK */
    if (inb(PORT_PS2_DATA) != 0xfa)
        keyboard_panic(995);

    /* Write Keyboard Mode */
    outb(0x60, PORT_PS2_STATUS);

    kbd_flush(0x50);

    /* send cmd: scan code convert, disable mouse, enable IRQ 1 */
    outb(0x61, PORT_PS2_DATA);

    kbd_flush(0x60);

    /* Enable keyboard */
    outb(0xf4, PORT_PS2_DATA);

    kbd_flush(0x70);
    kbd_waitdata(0x71);

    /* keyboard should return ACK */
    if (inb(PORT_PS2_DATA) != 0xfa)
        keyboard_panic(996);

    outb(0x77, PORT_DIAG);
}

static void
kbd_setup()
{
    bda->kbd_mode = 0x10;
    bda->kbd_buf_head = bda->kbd_buf_tail = bda->kbd_buf_start_offset
        = offsetof(struct bios_data_area_s, kbd_buf) - 0x400;
    bda->kbd_buf_end_offset
        = (offsetof(struct bios_data_area_s, kbd_buf[sizeof(bda->kbd_buf)])
           - 0x400);
    keyboard_init();
}

static u16
detect_parport(u16 port, u8 timeout, u8 count)
{
    // clear input mode
    outb(inb(port+2) & 0xdf, port+2);

    outb(0xaa, port);
    if (inb(port) != 0xaa)
        // Not present
        return 0;
    bda->port_lpt[count] = port;
    bda->lpt_timeout[count] = timeout;
    return 1;
}

static void
lpt_setup()
{
    u16 count = 0;
    count += detect_parport(0x378, 0x14, count);
    count += detect_parport(0x278, 0x14, count);

    // Equipment word bits 14..15 determing # parallel ports
    u16 eqb = bda->equipment_list_flags;
    bda->equipment_list_flags = (eqb & 0x3fff) | (count << 14);
}

static u16
detect_serial(u16 port, u8 timeout, u8 count)
{
    outb(0x02, port+1);
    if (inb(port+1) != 0x02)
        return 0;
    if (inb(port+2) != 0x02)
        return 0;
    outb(0x00, port+1);
    bda->port_com[count] = port;
    bda->com_timeout[count] = timeout;
    return 1;
}

static void
serial_setup()
{
    u16 count = 0;
    count += detect_serial(0x3f8, 0x0a, count);
    count += detect_serial(0x2f8, 0x0a, count);
    count += detect_serial(0x3e8, 0x0a, count);
    count += detect_serial(0x2e8, 0x0a, count);

    // Equipment word bits 9..11 determing # serial ports
    u16 eqb = bda->equipment_list_flags;
    bda->equipment_list_flags = (eqb & 0xf1ff) | (count << 9);
}

static u32
bcd2bin(u8 val)
{
    return (val & 0xf) + ((val >> 4) * 10);
}

static void
timer_setup()
{
    u32 seconds = bcd2bin(inb_cmos(CMOS_RTC_SECONDS));
    u32 ticks = (seconds * 18206507) / 1000000;
    u32 minutes = bcd2bin(inb_cmos(CMOS_RTC_MINUTES));
    ticks += (minutes * 10923904) / 10000;
    u32 hours = bcd2bin(inb_cmos(CMOS_RTC_HOURS));
    ticks += (hours * 65543427) / 1000;
    bda->timer_counter = ticks;
    bda->timer_rollover = 0;
}

static void
pic_setup()
{
    outb(0x11, PORT_PIC1);
    outb(0x11, PORT_PIC2);
    outb(0x08, PORT_PIC1_DATA);
    outb(0x70, PORT_PIC2_DATA);
    outb(0x04, PORT_PIC1_DATA);
    outb(0x02, PORT_PIC2_DATA);
    outb(0x01, PORT_PIC1_DATA);
    outb(0x01, PORT_PIC2_DATA);
    outb(0xb8, PORT_PIC1_DATA);
    if (CONFIG_PS2_MOUSE)
        outb(0x8f, PORT_PIC2_DATA);
    else
        outb(0x9f, PORT_PIC2_DATA);
}

static void
floppy_drive_post()
{
    u8 type = inb_cmos(CMOS_FLOPPY_DRIVE_TYPE);
    u8 out = 0;
    if (type & 0xf0)
        out |= 0x07;
    if (type & 0x0f)
        out |= 0x70;
    bda->floppy_harddisk_info = out;
    outb(0x02, PORT_DMA1_MASK_REG);

    bda->ivecs[0x1E].offset = OFFSET_diskette_param_table2;
}

static void
ata_init()
{
    // hdidmap  and cdidmap init.
    u8 device;
    for (device=0; device < CONFIG_MAX_ATA_DEVICES; device++) {
        ebda->ata.idmap[0][device] = CONFIG_MAX_ATA_DEVICES;
        ebda->ata.idmap[1][device] = CONFIG_MAX_ATA_DEVICES;
    }
}

static void
fill_hdinfo(struct fdpt_s *info, u8 typecmos, u8 basecmos)
{
    u8 type = inb_cmos(typecmos);
    if (type != 47)
        // XXX - halt
        return;

    info->precompensation = (inb_cmos(basecmos+4) << 8) | inb_cmos(basecmos+3);
    info->drive_control_byte = inb_cmos(basecmos+5);
    info->landing_zone = (inb_cmos(basecmos+7) << 8) | inb_cmos(basecmos+6);
    u16 cyl = (inb_cmos(basecmos+1) << 8) | inb_cmos(basecmos+0);
    u8 heads = inb_cmos(basecmos+2);
    u8 sectors = inb_cmos(basecmos+8);
    if (cyl < 1024) {
        // no logical CHS mapping used, just physical CHS
        // use Standard Fixed Disk Parameter Table (FDPT)
        info->cylinders = cyl;
        info->heads = heads;
        info->sectors = sectors;
        return;
    }

    // complies with Phoenix style Translated Fixed Disk Parameter
    // Table (FDPT)
    info->phys_cylinders = cyl;
    info->phys_heads = heads;
    info->phys_sectors = sectors;
    info->sectors = sectors;
    info->a0h_signature = 0xa0;
    if (cyl > 8192) {
        cyl >>= 4;
        heads <<= 4;
    } else if (cyl > 4096) {
        cyl >>= 3;
        heads <<= 3;
    } else if (cyl > 2048) {
        cyl >>= 2;
        heads <<= 2;
    }
    info->cylinders = cyl;
    info->heads = heads;
    info->checksum = ~checksum((u8*)info, sizeof(*info)-1) + 1;
}

static void
hard_drive_post()
{
    outb(0x0a, 0x03f6); // 0000 1010 = reserved, disable IRQ 14
    bda->disk_count = 1;
    bda->disk_control_byte = 0xc0;

    // move disk geometry data from CMOS to EBDA disk parameter table(s)
    u8 diskinfo = inb_cmos(CMOS_DISK_DATA);
    if ((diskinfo & 0xf0) == 0xf0)
        // Fill EBDA table for hard disk 0.
        fill_hdinfo(&ebda->fdpt0, CMOS_DISK_DRIVE1_TYPE, CMOS_DISK_DRIVE1_CYL);
    if ((diskinfo & 0x0f) == 0x0f)
        // XXX - bochs halts on any other type
        // Fill EBDA table for hard disk 1.
        fill_hdinfo(&ebda->fdpt0, CMOS_DISK_DRIVE2_TYPE, CMOS_DISK_DRIVE2_CYL);
}


static void
init_boot_vectors()
{
    // Clear out the IPL table.
    memset(ipl, 0, sizeof(*ipl));

    // Floppy drive
    struct ipl_entry_s *ip = &ipl->table[0];
    ip->type = IPL_TYPE_FLOPPY;
    ip++;

    // First HDD
    ip->type = IPL_TYPE_HARDDISK;
    ip++;

    // CDROM
    if (CONFIG_CDROM_BOOT) {
        ip->type = IPL_TYPE_CDROM;
        ip++;
    }

    ipl->count = ip - ipl->table;
    ipl->sequence = 0xffff;
}

static void
callrom(u16 seg, u16 offset)
{
    struct bregs br;
    memset(&br, 0, sizeof(br));
    br.es = SEG_BIOS;
    br.di = OFFSET_pnp_string + 1; // starts 1 past for alignment
    br.cs = seg;
    br.ip = offset;
    call16(&br);
}

static void
rom_scan(u32 start, u32 end)
{
    u8 *p = (u8*)start;
    for (; p <= (u8*)end; p += 2048) {
        u8 *rom = p;
        if (*(u16*)rom != 0xaa55)
            continue;
        u32 len = rom[2] * 512;
        if (checksum(rom, len) != 0)
            continue;
        p = (u8*)(((u32)p + len) / 2048 * 2048);
        callrom(PTR_TO_SEG(rom), PTR_TO_OFFSET(rom + 3));

        // Look at the ROM's PnP Expansion header.  Properly, we're supposed
        // to init all the ROMs and then go back and build an IPL table of
        // all the bootable devices, but we can get away with one pass.
        if (rom[0x1a] != '$' || rom[0x1b] != 'P'
            || rom[0x1c] != 'n' || rom[0x1d] != 'P')
            continue;
        // 0x1A is also the offset into the expansion header of...
        // the Bootstrap Entry Vector, or zero if there is none.
        u16 entry = *(u16*)&rom[0x1a+0x1a];
        if (!entry)
            continue;
        // Found a device that thinks it can boot the system.  Record
        // its BEV and product name string.

        if (ipl->count >= ARRAY_SIZE(ipl->table))
            continue;

        struct ipl_entry_s *ip = &ipl->table[ipl->count];
        ip->type = IPL_TYPE_BEV;
        ip->vector = (PTR_TO_SEG(rom) << 16) | entry;

        u16 desc = *(u16*)&rom[0x1a+0x10];
        if (desc)
            ip->description = (PTR_TO_SEG(rom) << 16) | desc;

        ipl->count++;
    }
}

static void
post()
{
    BX_INFO("Start bios\n");

    init_bda();
    init_handlers();
    init_ebda();

    pit_setup();
    kbd_setup();
    lpt_setup();
    serial_setup();
    timer_setup();
    pic_setup();

    rom_scan(0xc0000, 0xc7800);

    printf("BIOS - begin\n\n");

    rombios32_init();

    init_boot_vectors();

    floppy_drive_post();
    hard_drive_post();
    if (CONFIG_ATA)
        ata_init();

    init_boot_vectors();

    // XXX - original bios calls ata_detect before rom scan.
    rom_scan(0xc8000, 0xe0000);

    callrom(SEG_BIOS, OFFSET_begin_boot);
}

static void
init_dma()
{
    // first reset the DMA controllers
    outb(0, PORT_DMA1_MASTER_CLEAR);
    outb(0, PORT_DMA2_MASTER_CLEAR);

    // then initialize the DMA controllers
    outb(0xc0, PORT_DMA2_MODE_REG);
    outb(0x00, PORT_DMA2_MASK_REG);
}

static void
check_restart_status()
{
    // Get and then clear CMOS shutdown status.
    u8 status = inb_cmos(CMOS_RESET_CODE);
    outb_cmos(0, CMOS_RESET_CODE);

    if (status == 0x00 || status == 0x09 || status >= 0x0d)
        // Normal post
        return;

    if (status != 0x05) {
        BX_PANIC("Unimplemented shutdown status: %02x\n", status);
        return;
    }

    // XXX - this is supposed to jump without changing any memory -
    // but the stack has been altered by the time the code gets here.
    eoi_both_pics();
    struct bregs br;
    memset(&br, 0, sizeof(br));
    br.cs = bda->jump_cs_ip >> 16;
    br.ip = bda->jump_cs_ip;
    call16(&br);
}

void VISIBLE32
_start()
{
    init_dma();
    check_restart_status();

    post();
}