firmware/lib/rollback_index.c

/* Copyright (c) 2010 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
 * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 * found in the LICENSE file.
 *
 * Functions for querying, manipulating and locking rollback indices
 * stored in the TPM NVRAM.
 */

#include "rollback_index.h"

#include "tlcl.h"
#include "tss_constants.h"
#include "utility.h"


/* TPM PCR to use for storing dev mode measurements */
#define DEV_MODE_PCR 0
/* Input digests for PCR extend */
#define DEV_MODE_ON_SHA1_DIGEST ((uint8_t*) "\xbf\x8b\x45\x30\xd8\xd2\x46\xdd" \
                                 "\x74\xac\x53\xa1\x34\x71\xbb\xa1\x79\x41" \
                                 "\xdf\xf7") /* SHA1("\x01") */
#define DEV_MODE_OFF_SHA1_DIGEST ((uint8_t*) "\x5b\xa9\x3c\x9d\xb0\xcf\xf9\x3f"\
                                  "\x52\xb5\x21\xd7\x42\x0e\x43\xf6\xed\xa2" \
                                  "\x78\x4f") /* SHA1("\x00") */

static int g_rollback_recovery_mode = 0;

/* disable MSVC warning on const logical expression (as in } while(0);) */
__pragma(warning (disable: 4127))

#define RETURN_ON_FAILURE(tpm_command) do {             \
    uint32_t result;                                    \
    if ((result = (tpm_command)) != TPM_SUCCESS) {      \
      VBDEBUG(("Rollback: %08x returned by " #tpm_command "\n", (int)result)); \
      return result;                                    \
    }                                                   \
  } while (0)


uint32_t TPMClearAndReenable(void) {
  VBDEBUG(("TPM: Clear and re-enable\n"));
  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclForceClear());
  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclSetEnable());
  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclSetDeactivated(0));

  return TPM_SUCCESS;
}


/* Like TlclWrite(), but checks for write errors due to hitting the 64-write
 * limit and clears the TPM when that happens.  This can only happen when the
 * TPM is unowned, so it is OK to clear it (and we really have no choice).
 * This is not expected to happen frequently, but it could happen.
 */
static uint32_t SafeWrite(uint32_t index, const void* data, uint32_t length) {
  uint32_t result = TlclWrite(index, data, length);
  if (result == TPM_E_MAXNVWRITES) {
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TPMClearAndReenable());
    return TlclWrite(index, data, length);
  } else {
    return result;
  }
}


/* Similarly to SafeWrite(), this ensures we don't fail a DefineSpace because
 * we hit the TPM write limit.  This is even less likely to happen than with
 * writes because we only define spaces once at initialization, but we'd rather
 * be paranoid about this.
 */
static uint32_t SafeDefineSpace(uint32_t index, uint32_t perm, uint32_t size) {
  uint32_t result = TlclDefineSpace(index, perm, size);
  if (result == TPM_E_MAXNVWRITES) {
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TPMClearAndReenable());
    return TlclDefineSpace(index, perm, size);
  } else {
    return result;
  }
}


/* Functions to read and write firmware and kernel spaces. */
static uint32_t ReadSpaceFirmware(RollbackSpaceFirmware* rsf) {
  return TlclRead(FIRMWARE_NV_INDEX, rsf, sizeof(RollbackSpaceFirmware));
}

static uint32_t WriteSpaceFirmware(const RollbackSpaceFirmware* rsf) {
  return SafeWrite(FIRMWARE_NV_INDEX, rsf, sizeof(RollbackSpaceFirmware));
}

#ifndef DISABLE_ROLLBACK_TPM
static uint32_t ReadSpaceKernel(RollbackSpaceKernel* rsk) {
  return TlclRead(KERNEL_NV_INDEX, rsk, sizeof(RollbackSpaceKernel));
}
#endif

static uint32_t WriteSpaceKernel(const RollbackSpaceKernel* rsk) {
  return SafeWrite(KERNEL_NV_INDEX, rsk, sizeof(RollbackSpaceKernel));
}

/* Performs one-time initializations.  Creates the NVRAM spaces, and sets their
 * initial values as needed.  Sets the nvLocked bit and ensures the physical
 * presence command is enabled and locked.
 */
static uint32_t OneTimeInitializeTPM(RollbackSpaceFirmware* rsf,
                                     RollbackSpaceKernel* rsk) {
  static const RollbackSpaceFirmware rsf_init = {
    ROLLBACK_SPACE_FIRMWARE_VERSION, 0, 0, 0};
  static const RollbackSpaceKernel rsk_init = {
    ROLLBACK_SPACE_KERNEL_VERSION, ROLLBACK_SPACE_KERNEL_UID, 0, 0};
  uint8_t nvlocked = 0;

  VBDEBUG(("TPM: One-time initialization\n"));

  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclFinalizePhysicalPresence());

  /* The TPM will not enforce the NV authorization restrictions until the
   * execution of a TPM_NV_DefineSpace with the handle of TPM_NV_INDEX_LOCK.
   * Here we create that space if it doesn't already exist. */
  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclGetFlags(NULL, NULL, &nvlocked));
  VBDEBUG(("TPM: nvlocked=%d\n", nvlocked));
  if (!nvlocked) {
    VBDEBUG(("TPM: Enabling NV locking\n"));
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclSetNvLocked());
  }

  /* Initializes the firmware and kernel spaces */
  Memcpy(rsf, &rsf_init, sizeof(RollbackSpaceFirmware));
  Memcpy(rsk, &rsk_init, sizeof(RollbackSpaceKernel));

  /* Defines and sets firmware and kernel spaces */
  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(SafeDefineSpace(FIRMWARE_NV_INDEX,
                                    TPM_NV_PER_GLOBALLOCK | TPM_NV_PER_PPWRITE,
                                    sizeof(RollbackSpaceFirmware)));
  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(WriteSpaceFirmware(rsf));
  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(SafeDefineSpace(KERNEL_NV_INDEX, TPM_NV_PER_PPWRITE,
                                    sizeof(RollbackSpaceKernel)));
  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(WriteSpaceKernel(rsk));
  return TPM_SUCCESS;
}


/* SetupTPM starts the TPM and establishes the root of trust for the
 * anti-rollback mechanism.  SetupTPM can fail for three reasons.  1 A bug. 2 a
 * TPM hardware failure. 3 An unexpected TPM state due to some attack.  In
 * general we cannot easily distinguish the kind of failure, so our strategy is
 * to reboot in recovery mode in all cases.  The recovery mode calls SetupTPM
 * again, which executes (almost) the same sequence of operations.  There is a
 * good chance that, if recovery mode was entered because of a TPM failure, the
 * failure will repeat itself.  (In general this is impossible to guarantee
 * because we have no way of creating the exact TPM initial state at the
 * previous boot.)  In recovery mode, we ignore the failure and continue, thus
 * giving the recovery kernel a chance to fix things (that's why we don't set
 * bGlobalLock).  The choice is between a knowingly insecure device and a
 * bricked device.
 *
 * As a side note, observe that we go through considerable hoops to avoid using
 * the STCLEAR permissions for the index spaces.  We do this to avoid writing
 * to the TPM flashram at every reboot or wake-up, because of concerns about
 * the durability of the NVRAM.
 */
uint32_t SetupTPM(int recovery_mode, int developer_mode,
                  RollbackSpaceFirmware* rsf) {

  int rsf_dirty = 0;
  uint8_t new_flags = 0;
  uint8_t disable;
  uint8_t deactivated;
  uint32_t result;

  VBDEBUG(("TPM: SetupTPM(r%d, d%d)\n", recovery_mode, developer_mode));

  /* TODO: TlclLibInit() should be able to return failure */
  TlclLibInit();

  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclStartup());
#ifdef USE_CONTINUE_SELF_TEST
  /* TODO: ContinueSelfTest() should be faster than SelfTestFull, but
   * may also not work properly in older TPM firmware.  For now, do
   * the full self test. */
  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclContinueSelfTest());
#else
  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclSelfTestFull());
#endif
  result = TlclAssertPhysicalPresence();
  if (result != 0) {
    /* It is possible that the TPM was delivered with the physical presence
     * command disabled.  This tries enabling it, then tries asserting PP
     * again.
     */
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclPhysicalPresenceCMDEnable());
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclAssertPhysicalPresence());
  }

  /* Checks that the TPM is enabled and activated. */
  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclGetFlags(&disable, &deactivated, NULL));
  if (disable || deactivated) {
    VBDEBUG(("TPM: disabled (%d) or deactivated (%d).  Fixing...\n",
             disable, deactivated));
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclSetEnable());
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclSetDeactivated(0));
    VBDEBUG(("TPM: Must reboot to re-enable\n"));
    return TPM_E_MUST_REBOOT;
  }

  /* Reads the firmware space. */
  result = ReadSpaceFirmware(rsf);
  if (TPM_E_BADINDEX == result) {
    RollbackSpaceKernel rsk;

    /* This is the first time we've run, and the TPM has not been
     * initialized.  This initializes it. */
    VBDEBUG(("TPM: Not initialized yet.\n"));
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(OneTimeInitializeTPM(rsf, &rsk));
  } else if (TPM_SUCCESS != result) {
    VBDEBUG(("TPM: Firmware space in a bad state; giving up.\n"));
    return TPM_E_CORRUPTED_STATE;
  }
  VBDEBUG(("TPM: Firmware space sv%d f%x v%x\n",
           rsf->struct_version, rsf->flags, rsf->fw_versions));

  /* Clears ownership if developer flag has toggled */
  if ((developer_mode ? FLAG_LAST_BOOT_DEVELOPER : 0) !=
      (rsf->flags & FLAG_LAST_BOOT_DEVELOPER)) {
    VBDEBUG(("TPM: Developer flag changed; clearing owner.\n"));
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TPMClearAndReenable());
  }

  /* Updates flags */
  if (developer_mode)
    new_flags |= FLAG_LAST_BOOT_DEVELOPER;
  if (recovery_mode)
    g_rollback_recovery_mode = 1;  /* Global variables are usable in
                                    * recovery mode */

  if (rsf->flags != new_flags) {
    rsf->flags = new_flags;
    rsf_dirty = 1;
  }

  /* If firmware space is dirty, this flushes it back to the TPM */
  if (rsf_dirty) {
    VBDEBUG(("TPM: Updating firmware space.\n"));
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(WriteSpaceFirmware(rsf));
  }

  VBDEBUG(("TPM: SetupTPM() succeeded\n"));
  return TPM_SUCCESS;
}

/* disable MSVC warnings on unused arguments */
__pragma(warning (disable: 4100))


#ifdef DISABLE_ROLLBACK_TPM

/* Dummy implementations which don't support TPM rollback protection */

uint32_t RollbackS3Resume(void) {
#ifndef CHROMEOS_ENVIRONMENT
  /* Initialize the TPM, but ignore return codes.  In ChromeOS
   * environment, don't even talk to the TPM. */
  TlclLibInit();
  TlclResume();
  TlclSelfTestFull();
#endif
  return TPM_SUCCESS;
}

uint32_t RollbackFirmwareSetup(int developer_mode, uint32_t* version) {
#ifndef CHROMEOS_ENVIRONMENT
  /* Initializes the TPM, but ignores return codes.  In ChromeOS
   * environment, doesn't even talk to the TPM. */
  TlclLibInit();
  TlclStartup();
  TlclSelfTestFull();
#endif

  *version = 0;
  return TPM_SUCCESS;
}

uint32_t RollbackFirmwareWrite(uint32_t version) {
  return TPM_SUCCESS;
}

uint32_t RollbackFirmwareLock(void) {
  return TPM_SUCCESS;
}

uint32_t RollbackKernelRecovery(int developer_mode) {
#ifndef CHROMEOS_ENVIRONMENT
  /* Initializes the TPM, but ignore return codes.  In ChromeOS
   * environment, doesn't even talk to the TPM. */
  TlclLibInit();
  TlclStartup();
  TlclSelfTestFull();
#endif
  return TPM_SUCCESS;
}

uint32_t RollbackKernelRead(uint32_t* version) {
  *version = 0;
  return TPM_SUCCESS;
}

uint32_t RollbackKernelWrite(uint32_t version) {
  return TPM_SUCCESS;
}

uint32_t RollbackKernelLock(void) {
  return TPM_SUCCESS;
}

#else

uint32_t RollbackS3Resume(void) {
  uint32_t result;
  TlclLibInit();
  /* Check for INVALID_POSTINIT error, so we don't have to worry if this ends
   * up in hardware that keeps the TPM powered on during S3.
   */
  result = TlclResume();
  if (result == TPM_E_INVALID_POSTINIT) {
    return TPM_SUCCESS;
  }
  if (result != TPM_SUCCESS) {
    return result;
  }
#ifdef USE_CONTINUE_SELF_TEST
  /* TODO: ContinueSelfTest() should be faster than SelfTestFull, but
   * may also not work properly in older TPM firmware.  For now, do
   * the full self test. */
  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclContinueSelfTest());
#else
  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclSelfTestFull());
#endif
  return TPM_SUCCESS;
}


uint32_t RollbackFirmwareSetup(int developer_mode, uint32_t* version) {
  RollbackSpaceFirmware rsf;
  uint8_t out_digest[20];  /* For PCR extend output */

  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(SetupTPM(0, developer_mode, &rsf));
  *version = rsf.fw_versions;
  VBDEBUG(("TPM: RollbackFirmwareSetup %x\n", (int)rsf.fw_versions));
  if (developer_mode)
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclExtend(DEV_MODE_PCR, DEV_MODE_ON_SHA1_DIGEST,
                                 out_digest));
  else
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclExtend(DEV_MODE_PCR, DEV_MODE_OFF_SHA1_DIGEST,
                                 out_digest));
  VBDEBUG(("TPM: RollbackFirmwareSetup dev mode PCR out_digest %02x %02x %02x "
           "%02x\n", out_digest, out_digest+1, out_digest+2, out_digest+3));

  return TPM_SUCCESS;
}

uint32_t RollbackFirmwareWrite(uint32_t version) {
  RollbackSpaceFirmware rsf;

  RETURN_ON_FAILURE(ReadSpaceFirmware(&rsf));
  VBDEBUG(("TPM: RollbackFirmwareWrite %x --> %x\n", (int)rsf.fw_versions,
           (int)version));
  rsf.fw_versions = version;
  return WriteSpaceFirmware(&rsf);
}

uint32_t RollbackFirmwareLock(void) {
  return TlclSetGlobalLock();
}

uint32_t RollbackKernelRecovery(int developer_mode) {
  RollbackSpaceFirmware rsf;
  uint32_t result = SetupTPM(1, developer_mode, &rsf);
  /* In recovery mode we ignore TPM malfunctions or corruptions, and leave the
   * TPM completely unlocked if and only if the dev mode switch is ON.  The
   * recovery kernel will fix the TPM (if needed) and lock it ASAP.  We leave
   * Physical Presence on in either case. */
  if (!developer_mode) {
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclSetGlobalLock());
  }
  /* We still return the result of SetupTPM even though we expect the caller to
   * ignore it.  It's useful in unit testing. */
  return result;
}

uint32_t RollbackKernelRead(uint32_t* version) {
  if (g_rollback_recovery_mode) {
    *version = 0;
  } else {
    RollbackSpaceKernel rsk;
    uint32_t perms;

    /* Read the kernel space and verify its permissions.  If the kernel
     * space has the wrong permission, or it doesn't contain the right
     * identifier, we give up.  This will need to be fixed by the
     * recovery kernel.  We have to worry about this because at any time
     * (even with PP turned off) the TPM owner can remove and redefine a
     * PP-protected space (but not write to it). */
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(ReadSpaceKernel(&rsk));
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(TlclGetPermissions(KERNEL_NV_INDEX, &perms));
    if (TPM_NV_PER_PPWRITE != perms || ROLLBACK_SPACE_KERNEL_UID != rsk.uid)
      return TPM_E_CORRUPTED_STATE;

    *version = rsk.kernel_versions;
    VBDEBUG(("TPM: RollbackKernelRead %x\n", (int)rsk.kernel_versions));
  }
  return TPM_SUCCESS;
}

uint32_t RollbackKernelWrite(uint32_t version) {
  if (g_rollback_recovery_mode) {
    return TPM_SUCCESS;
  } else {
    RollbackSpaceKernel rsk;
    RETURN_ON_FAILURE(ReadSpaceKernel(&rsk));
    VBDEBUG(("TPM: RollbackKernelWrite %x --> %x\n", (int)rsk.kernel_versions,
             (int)version));
    rsk.kernel_versions = version;
    return WriteSpaceKernel(&rsk);
  }
}

uint32_t RollbackKernelLock(void) {
  if (g_rollback_recovery_mode) {
    return TPM_SUCCESS;
  } else {
    return TlclLockPhysicalPresence();
  }
}

#endif // DISABLE_ROLLBACK_TPM