payloads/libpayload/libc/printf.c

/*
 * This file is part of the libpayload project.
 *
 * It has originally been taken from the HelenOS project
 * (http://www.helenos.eu), and slightly modified for our purposes.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Jakub Jermar
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Josef Cejka
 * Copyright (C) 2008 Uwe Hermann <uwe@hermann-uwe.de>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <libpayload.h>

/** Structure for specifying output methods for different printf clones. */
struct printf_spec {
	/* Output function, returns count of printed characters or EOF. */
	int (*write) (void *, size_t, void *);
	/* Support data - output stream specification, its state, locks, ... */
	void *data;
};

/** Show prefixes 0x or 0. */
#define __PRINTF_FLAG_PREFIX		0x00000001
/** Signed / unsigned number. */
#define __PRINTF_FLAG_SIGNED		0x00000002
/** Print leading zeroes. */
#define __PRINTF_FLAG_ZEROPADDED	0x00000004
/** Align to left. */
#define __PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTALIGNED	0x00000010
/** Always show + sign. */
#define __PRINTF_FLAG_SHOWPLUS		0x00000020
/** Print space instead of plus. */
#define __PRINTF_FLAG_SPACESIGN		0x00000040
/** Show big characters. */
#define __PRINTF_FLAG_BIGCHARS		0x00000080
/** Number has - sign. */
#define __PRINTF_FLAG_NEGATIVE		0x00000100

/**
 * Buffer big enough for 64-bit number printed in base 2, sign, prefix and 0
 * to terminate string (last one is only for better testing end of buffer by
 * zero-filling subroutine).
 */
#define PRINT_NUMBER_BUFFER_SIZE	(64 + 5)

/** Enumeration of possible arguments types. */
typedef enum {
	PrintfQualifierByte = 0,
	PrintfQualifierShort,
	PrintfQualifierInt,
	PrintfQualifierLong,
	PrintfQualifierLongLong,
	PrintfQualifierPointer,
} qualifier_t;

static char digits_small[] = "0123456789abcdef";
static char digits_big[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";

/**
 * Print one or more characters without adding newline.
 *
 * @param buf	Buffer of >= count bytesi size. NULL pointer is not allowed!
 * @param count	Number of characters to print.
 * @param ps	Output method and its data.
 * @return	Number of characters printed.
 */
static int printf_putnchars(const char *buf, size_t count,
			    struct printf_spec *ps)
{
	return ps->write((void *)buf, count, ps->data);
}

/**
 * Print a string without adding a newline.
 *
 * @param str	String to print.
 * @param ps	Write function specification and support data.
 * @return	Number of characters printed.
 */
static int printf_putstr(const char *str, struct printf_spec *ps)
{
	size_t count;

	if (str == NULL) {
		char *nullstr = "(NULL)";
		return printf_putnchars(nullstr, strlen(nullstr), ps);
	}

	count = strlen(str);

	return ps->write((void *)str, count, ps->data);
}

/**
 * Print one character.
 *
 * @param c	Character to be printed.
 * @param ps	Output method.
 * @return	Number of characters printed.
 */
static int printf_putchar(int c, struct printf_spec *ps)
{
	unsigned char ch = c;

	return ps->write((void *)&ch, 1, ps->data);
}

/**
 * Print one formatted character.
 *
 * @param c	Character to print.
 * @param width	Width modifier.
 * @param flags	Flags that change the way the character is printed.
 * @param ps	Output methods spec for different printf clones.
 * @return	Number of characters printed, negative value on failure.
 */
static int print_char(char c, int width, uint64_t flags, struct printf_spec *ps)
{
	int counter = 0;

	if (!(flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTALIGNED)) {
		while (--width > 0) {
			if (printf_putchar(' ', ps) > 0)
				++counter;
		}
	}

	if (printf_putchar(c, ps) > 0)
		counter++;

	while (--width > 0) {
		if (printf_putchar(' ', ps) > 0)
			++counter;
	}

	return counter;
}

/**
 * Print string.
 *
 * @param s		String to be printed.
 * @param width		Width modifier.
 * @param precision	Precision modifier.
 * @param flags		Flags that modify the way the string is printed.
 * @param ps		Output methods spec for different printf clones.
 * @return		Number of characters printed, negative value on	failure.
 */
/** Structure for specifying output methods for different printf clones. */
static int print_string(char *s, int width, unsigned int precision,
			uint64_t flags, struct printf_spec *ps)
{
	int counter = 0, retval;
	size_t size;

	if (s == NULL)
		return printf_putstr("(NULL)", ps);
	size = strlen(s);
	/* Print leading spaces. */
	if (precision == 0)
		precision = size;
	width -= precision;

	if (!(flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTALIGNED)) {
		while (width-- > 0) {
			if (printf_putchar(' ', ps) == 1)
				counter++;
		}
	}

	if ((retval = printf_putnchars(s, MIN(size, precision), ps)) < 0)
		return -counter;
	counter += retval;

	while (width-- > 0) {
		if (printf_putchar(' ', ps) == 1)
			++counter;
	}

	return counter;
}

/**
 * Print a number in a given base.
 *
 * Print significant digits of a number in given base.
 *
 * @param num		Number to print.
 * @param width		Width modifier.h
 * @param precision	Precision modifier.
 * @param base		Base to print the number in (must be between 2 and 16).
 * @param flags		Flags that modify the way the number is printed.
 * @param ps		Output methods spec for different printf clones.
 * @return		Number of characters printed.
 */
static int print_number(uint64_t num, int width, int precision, int base,
			uint64_t flags, struct printf_spec *ps)
{
	char *digits = digits_small;
	char d[PRINT_NUMBER_BUFFER_SIZE];
	char *ptr = &d[PRINT_NUMBER_BUFFER_SIZE - 1];
	int size = 0;		/* Size of number with all prefixes and signs. */
	int number_size;	/* Size of plain number. */
	char sgn;
	int retval;
	int counter = 0;

	if (flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_BIGCHARS)
		digits = digits_big;

	*ptr-- = 0;		/* Put zero at end of string. */

	if (num == 0) {
		*ptr-- = '0';
		size++;
	} else {
		do {
			*ptr-- = digits[num % base];
			size++;
		} while (num /= base);
	}

	number_size = size;

	/*
	 * Collect the sum of all prefixes/signs/... to calculate padding and
	 * leading zeroes.
	 */
	if (flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_PREFIX) {
		switch (base) {
		case 2:	/* Binary formating is not standard, but useful. */
			size += 2;
			break;
		case 8:
			size++;
			break;
		case 16:
			size += 2;
			break;
		}
	}

	sgn = 0;
	if (flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_SIGNED) {
		if (flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_NEGATIVE) {
			sgn = '-';
			size++;
		} else if (flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_SHOWPLUS) {
			sgn = '+';
			size++;
		} else if (flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_SPACESIGN) {
			sgn = ' ';
			size++;
		}
	}

	if (flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTALIGNED)
		flags &= ~__PRINTF_FLAG_ZEROPADDED;

	/*
	 * If the number is left-aligned or precision is specified then
	 * zero-padding is ignored.
	 */
	if (flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_ZEROPADDED) {
		if ((precision == 0) && (width > size))
			precision = width - size + number_size;
	}

	/* Print leading spaces. */
	if (number_size > precision) {
		/* Print the whole number not only a part. */
		precision = number_size;
	}

	width -= precision + size - number_size;

	if (!(flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTALIGNED)) {
		while (width-- > 0) {
			if (printf_putchar(' ', ps) == 1)
				counter++;
		}
	}

	/* Print sign. */
	if (sgn) {
		if (printf_putchar(sgn, ps) == 1)
			counter++;
	}

	/* Print prefix. */
	if (flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_PREFIX) {
		switch (base) {
		case 2:	/* Binary formating is not standard, but useful. */
			if (printf_putchar('0', ps) == 1)
				counter++;
			if (flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_BIGCHARS) {
				if (printf_putchar('B', ps) == 1)
					counter++;
			} else {
				if (printf_putchar('b', ps) == 1)
					counter++;
			}
			break;
		case 8:
			if (printf_putchar('o', ps) == 1)
				counter++;
			break;
		case 16:
			if (printf_putchar('0', ps) == 1)
				counter++;
			if (flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_BIGCHARS) {
				if (printf_putchar('X', ps) == 1)
					counter++;
			} else {
				if (printf_putchar('x', ps) == 1)
					counter++;
			}
			break;
		}
	}

	/* Print leading zeroes. */
	precision -= number_size;
	while (precision-- > 0) {
		if (printf_putchar('0', ps) == 1)
			counter++;
	}

	/* Print number itself. */
	if ((retval = printf_putstr(++ptr, ps)) > 0)
		counter += retval;

	/* Print ending spaces. */
	while (width-- > 0) {
		if (printf_putchar(' ', ps) == 1)
			counter++;
	}

	return counter;
}

/**
 * Print formatted string.
 *
 * Print string formatted according to the fmt parameter and variadic arguments.
 * Each formatting directive must have the following form:
 * 
 * 	\% [ FLAGS ] [ WIDTH ] [ .PRECISION ] [ TYPE ] CONVERSION
 *
 * FLAGS:@n
 * 	- "#"	Force to print prefix.For \%o conversion, the prefix is 0, for
 *		\%x and \%X prefixes are 0x and	0X and for conversion \%b the
 *		prefix is 0b.
 *
 * 	- "-"	Align to left.
 *
 * 	- "+"	Print positive sign just as negative.
 *
 * 	- " "	If the printed number is positive and "+" flag is not set,
 *		print space in place of sign.
 *
 * 	- "0"	Print 0 as padding instead of spaces. Zeroes are placed between
 *		sign and the rest of the number. This flag is ignored if "-"
 *		flag is specified.
 * 
 * WIDTH:@n
 * 	- Specify the minimal width of a printed argument. If it is bigger,
 *	width is ignored. If width is specified with a "*" character instead of
 *	number, width is taken from parameter list. And integer parameter is
 *	expected before parameter for processed conversion specification. If
 *	this value is negative its absolute value is taken and the "-" flag is
 *	set.
 *
 * PRECISION:@n
 * 	- Value precision. For numbers it specifies minimum valid numbers.
 *	Smaller numbers are printed with leading zeroes. Bigger numbers are not
 *	affected. Strings with more than precision characters are cut off. Just
 *	as with width, an "*" can be used used instead of a number. An integer
 *	value is then expected in parameters. When both width and precision are
 *	specified using "*", the first parameter is used for width and the
 *	second one for precision.
 * 
 * TYPE:@n
 * 	- "hh"	Signed or unsigned char.@n
 * 	- "h"	Signed or unsigned short.@n
 * 	- ""	Signed or unsigned int (default value).@n
 * 	- "l"	Signed or unsigned long int.@n
 * 	- "ll"	Signed or unsigned long long int.@n
 * 
 * 
 * CONVERSION:@n
 * 	- %	Print percentile character itself.
 *
 * 	- c	Print single character.
 *
 * 	- s	Print zero terminated string. If a NULL value is passed as
 *		value, "(NULL)" is printed instead.
 * 
 * 	- P, p	Print value of a pointer. Void * value is expected and it is
 *		printed in hexadecimal notation with prefix (as with \%#X / \%#x
 *		for 32-bit or \%#X / \%#x for 64-bit long pointers).
 *
 * 	- b	Print value as unsigned binary number. Prefix is not printed by
 *		default. (Nonstandard extension.)
 * 
 * 	- o	Print value as unsigned octal number. Prefix is not printed by
 *		default. 
 *
 * 	- d, i	Print signed decimal number. There is no difference between d
 *		and i conversion.
 *
 * 	- u	Print unsigned decimal number.
 *
 * 	- X, x	Print hexadecimal number with upper- or lower-case. Prefix is
 *		not printed by default.
 * 
 * All other characters from fmt except the formatting directives are printed in
 * verbatim.
 *
 * @param fmt	Formatting NULL terminated string.
 * @param ps	TODO.
 * @param ap	TODO.
 * @return	Number of characters printed, negative value on failure.
 */
static int printf_core(const char *fmt, struct printf_spec *ps, va_list ap)
{
	int i = 0;		/* Index of the currently processed char from fmt */
	int j = 0;		/* Index to the first not printed nonformating character */
	int end;
	int counter;		/* Counter of printed characters */
	int retval;		/* Used to store return values from called functions */
	char c;
	qualifier_t qualifier;	/* Type of argument */
	int base;		/* Base in which a numeric parameter will be printed */
	uint64_t number;	/* Argument value */
	size_t size;		/* Byte size of integer parameter */
	int width, precision;
	uint64_t flags;

	counter = 0;

	while ((c = fmt[i])) {
		/* Control character. */
		if (c == '%') {
			/* Print common characters if any processed. */
			if (i > j) {
				if ((retval = printf_putnchars(&fmt[j],
				    (size_t) (i - j), ps)) < 0) {
					counter = -counter;
					goto out;	/* Error */
				}
				counter += retval;
			}

			j = i;
			/* Parse modifiers. */
			flags = 0;
			end = 0;

			do {
				++i;
				switch (c = fmt[i]) {
				case '#':
					flags |= __PRINTF_FLAG_PREFIX;
					break;
				case '-':
					flags |= __PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTALIGNED;
					break;
				case '+':
					flags |= __PRINTF_FLAG_SHOWPLUS;
					break;
				case ' ':
					flags |= __PRINTF_FLAG_SPACESIGN;
					break;
				case '0':
					flags |= __PRINTF_FLAG_ZEROPADDED;
					break;
				default:
					end = 1;
				};

			} while (end == 0);

			/* Width & '*' operator. */
			width = 0;
			if (isdigit(fmt[i])) {
				while (isdigit(fmt[i])) {
					width *= 10;
					width += fmt[i++] - '0';
				}
			} else if (fmt[i] == '*') {
				/* Get width value from argument list. */
				i++;
				width = (int)va_arg(ap, int);
				if (width < 0) {
					/* Negative width sets '-' flag. */
					width *= -1;
					flags |= __PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTALIGNED;
				}
			}

			/* Precision and '*' operator. */
			precision = 0;
			if (fmt[i] == '.') {
				++i;
				if (isdigit(fmt[i])) {
					while (isdigit(fmt[i])) {
						precision *= 10;
						precision += fmt[i++] - '0';
					}
				} else if (fmt[i] == '*') {
					/* Get precision from argument list. */
					i++;
					precision = (int)va_arg(ap, int);
					/* Ignore negative precision. */
					if (precision < 0)
						precision = 0;
				}
			}

			switch (fmt[i++]) {
			/** @todo unimplemented qualifiers:
			 * t ptrdiff_t - ISO C 99
			 */
			case 'h':	/* char or short */
				qualifier = PrintfQualifierShort;
				if (fmt[i] == 'h') {
					i++;
					qualifier = PrintfQualifierByte;
				}
				break;
			case 'l':	/* long or long long */
				qualifier = PrintfQualifierLong;
				if (fmt[i] == 'l') {
					i++;
					qualifier = PrintfQualifierLongLong;
				}
				break;
			default:
				/* default type */
				qualifier = PrintfQualifierInt;
				--i;
			}

			base = 10;

			switch (c = fmt[i]) {
			/* String and character conversions */
			case 's':
				if ((retval = print_string(va_arg(ap, char *),
				    width, precision, flags, ps)) < 0) {
					counter = -counter;
					goto out;
				};
				counter += retval;
				j = i + 1;
				goto next_char;
			case 'c':
				c = va_arg(ap, unsigned int);
				retval = print_char(c, width, flags, ps);
				if (retval < 0) {
					counter = -counter;
					goto out;
				};
				counter += retval;
				j = i + 1;
				goto next_char;

			/* Integer values */
			case 'P':	/* pointer */
				flags |= __PRINTF_FLAG_BIGCHARS;
			case 'p':
				flags |= __PRINTF_FLAG_PREFIX;
				base = 16;
				qualifier = PrintfQualifierPointer;
				break;
			case 'b':
				base = 2;
				break;
			case 'o':
				base = 8;
				break;
			case 'd':
			case 'i':
				flags |= __PRINTF_FLAG_SIGNED;
			case 'u':
				break;
			case 'X':
				flags |= __PRINTF_FLAG_BIGCHARS;
			case 'x':
				base = 16;
				break;
			case '%': /* percentile itself */
				j = i;
				goto next_char;
			default: /* Bad formatting */
				/*
				 * Unknown format. Now, j is the index of '%'
				 * so we will print whole bad format sequence.
				 */
				goto next_char;
			}

			/* Print integers. */
			/* Print number. */
			switch (qualifier) {
			case PrintfQualifierByte:
				size = sizeof(unsigned char);
				number = (uint64_t) va_arg(ap, unsigned int);
				break;
			case PrintfQualifierShort:
				size = sizeof(unsigned short);
				number = (uint64_t) va_arg(ap, unsigned int);
				break;
			case PrintfQualifierInt:
				size = sizeof(unsigned int);
				number = (uint64_t) va_arg(ap, unsigned int);
				break;
			case PrintfQualifierLong:
				size = sizeof(unsigned long);
				number = (uint64_t) va_arg(ap, unsigned long);
				break;
			case PrintfQualifierLongLong:
				size = sizeof(unsigned long long);
				number = (uint64_t) va_arg(ap, unsigned long long);
				break;
			case PrintfQualifierPointer:
				size = sizeof(void *);
				number = (uint64_t) (unsigned long)va_arg(ap, void *);
				break;
			default:	/* Unknown qualifier */
				counter = -counter;
				goto out;
			}

			if (flags & __PRINTF_FLAG_SIGNED) {
				if (number & (0x1 << (size * 8 - 1))) {
					flags |= __PRINTF_FLAG_NEGATIVE;

					if (size == sizeof(uint64_t)) {
						number = -((int64_t) number);
					} else {
						number = ~number;
						number &= ~(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFll << (size * 8));
						number++;
					}
				}
			}

			if ((retval = print_number(number, width, precision,
						   base, flags, ps)) < 0) {
				counter = -counter;
				goto out;
			}

			counter += retval;
			j = i + 1;
		}
next_char:
		++i;
	}

	if (i > j) {
		if ((retval = printf_putnchars(&fmt[j],
		    (u64) (i - j), ps)) < 0) {
			counter = -counter;
			goto out;	/* Error */

		}
		counter += retval;
	}

out:
	return counter;
}

int snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	int ret;
	va_list args;

	va_start(args, fmt);
	ret = vsnprintf(str, size, fmt, args);
	va_end(args);

	return ret;
}

int sprintf(char *str, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	int ret;
	va_list args;

	va_start(args, fmt);
	ret = vsprintf(str, fmt, args);
	va_end(args);

	return ret;
}

struct vsnprintf_data {
	size_t size;		/* Total space for string */
	size_t len;		/* Count of currently used characters */
	char *string;		/* Destination string */
};

/**
 * Write string to given buffer.
 *
 * Write at most data->size characters including trailing zero. According to
 * C99, snprintf() has to return number of characters that would have been
 * written if enough space had been available. Hence the return value is not
 * number of really printed characters but size of the input string.
 * Number of really used characters is stored in data->len.
 *
 * @param str	Source string to print.
 * @param count	Size of source string.
 * @param data	Structure with destination string, counter of used space
 *              and total string size.
 * @return Number of characters to print (not characters really printed!).
 */
static int vsnprintf_write(const char *str, size_t count,
			   struct vsnprintf_data *data)
{
	size_t i;

	i = data->size - data->len;
	if (i == 0)
		return count;

	/* We have only one free byte left in buffer => write trailing zero. */
	if (i == 1) {
		data->string[data->size - 1] = 0;
		data->len = data->size;
		return count;
	}

	/*
	 * We have not enough space for whole string with the trailing
	 * zero => print only a part of string.
	 */
	if (i <= count) {
		memcpy((void *)(data->string + data->len), (void *)str, i - 1);
		data->string[data->size - 1] = 0;
		data->len = data->size;
		return count;
	}

	/* Buffer is big enough to print whole string. */
	memcpy((void *)(data->string + data->len), (void *)str, count);
	data->len += count;
	/*
	 * Put trailing zero at end, but not count it into data->len so
	 * it could be rewritten next time.
	 */
	data->string[data->len] = 0;

	return count;
}

int vsnprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
	struct vsnprintf_data data = { size, 0, str };
	struct printf_spec ps =
	    { (int (*)(void *, size_t, void *))vsnprintf_write, &data };

	/* Print 0 at end of string - fix case that nothing will be printed. */
	if (size > 0)
		str[0] = 0;

	/* vsnprintf_write() ensures that str will be terminated by zero. */
	return printf_core(fmt, &ps, ap);
}

int vsprintf(char *str, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
	return vsnprintf(str, (size_t) - 1, fmt, ap);
}

int printf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	int ret;
	va_list args;

	va_start(args, fmt);
	ret = vprintf(fmt, args);
	va_end(args);

	return ret;
}

static int vprintf_write(const char *str, size_t count, void *unused)
{
	size_t i;

	for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
		putchar(str[i]);

	return i;
}

int vprintf(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
	struct printf_spec ps =
	    { (int (*)(void *, size_t, void *))vprintf_write, NULL };

	return printf_core(fmt, &ps, ap);
}